Personal jurisdiction in California civil litigation refers to the court’s authority to make decisions affecting the parties involved in a case. For a California court to have personal jurisdiction over a defendant, the defendant must have sufficient connections to the…
The California Code of Civil Procedure (CCP) is a set of laws that governs the procedures and rules for civil litigation in California state courts. It provides the framework for how civil cases are initiated, conducted, and resolved, including the…
In California, an objection to a question seeking attorney work product is raised to protect materials prepared by an attorney in anticipation of litigation. Under California Code of Civil Procedure section 2018.030, attorney work product includes documents, notes, and other…
In California, an objection to a question seeking testimony regarding attorney-client discussions or communications is raised to protect the confidentiality of communications between a client and their attorney. Under the California Evidence Code section 954, the attorney-client privilege allows a…
In California, an objection to a “lack of foundation” is raised when a question is posed without establishing the necessary groundwork for the witness to provide a valid answer. A foundation refers to the preliminary facts or background information needed…
In California, an objection to a question seeking testimony on matters that are irrelevant to the present proceedings is raised when the question asks the witness to testify about information that does not have any bearing on the issues at…
In California, an objection to “hearsay” is raised when a question seeks to introduce a statement made outside of the courtroom, which is offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted. Under California Evidence Code section 1200, hearsay is…
In California, an objection to an “improper hypothetical” is raised when a question is posed that asks a witness to assume facts that are not in evidence or that are unreasonable or unsupported by the record. Hypothetical questions are often…
In California, a “leading question” objection is raised when an attorney asks a question that suggests the answer within the question itself. This typically occurs when the question is framed in such a way that it prompts the witness to…
In California, the “asked and answered” objection is raised when a question has already been posed to the witness and an answer has been provided, but the attorney asks the same or substantially the same question again. This objection is…