Mary McLeod Bethune was an influential educator, civil rights leader, and advocate for African American women. Born in 1875 in Maysville, South Carolina, to parents who were former slaves, Bethune overcame significant hardships to become one of the most prominent…

James Farmer was a prominent civil rights leader and one of the founders of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), an organization instrumental in the fight against racial segregation and discrimination in the United States. Born in 1920 in Marshall,…

Fred Korematsu is best known for his defiance of the U.S. government’s internment of Japanese Americans during World War II and for challenging the constitutionality of this policy. Born in 1919 in Oakland, California, Korematsu was a U.S. citizen of…

Judge Damon J. Keith was a prominent African American jurist who made significant contributions to civil rights and the U.S. legal system throughout his career. Born in 1923 in Detroit, Michigan, Keith served in World War II before earning his…

Ruby Bridges is a pioneering figure in the American civil rights movement, best known for being the first African American child to integrate an all-white public school in the South. Born in 1954 in Tylertown, Mississippi, Ruby’s courage became a…

Stephen Breyer was an influential U.S. Supreme Court justice known for his pragmatic and often liberal approach to constitutional interpretation. Born in 1938 in San Francisco, California, Breyer graduated from Stanford University, the University of Oxford as a Marshall Scholar,…

Earl Warren was a pivotal figure in American law and politics, best known for serving as the 14th Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1953 to 1969. Born in 1891 in Los Angeles, California, Warren had a distinguished…

Elena Kagan is a prominent U.S. Supreme Court Justice known for her intellectual rigor and pragmatic approach to the law. Appointed by President Barack Obama in 2010, Kagan became the fourth woman to serve on the Supreme Court. Before her…

Benjamin Cardozo was a distinguished American jurist who served as an associate justice of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1932 until his death in 1938. He graduated from Columbia Law School and began his career in private practice before being…

Louis Brandeis was a pioneering figure in American law and a tireless advocate for social justice. Born in 1856, Brandeis became the first Jewish justice appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court in 1916 by President Woodrow Wilson. Before his appointment,…